What Do You Need To Know About Cardiology?

Cardiology is a significant portion of internal medicine strictly associated with heart disorders. The area deals with-

• Coronary artery disease
• Congenital heart defects
• Electrophysiology
• Valvular Heart Disease
• Heart failure

 

The subspecialty domain of cardiology has-

• Cardiac electrophysiology– It is diagnosing and treating the heart’s electrical system 
• Echocardiography– It is the method of taking ultrasound of the heart.
• Interventional cardiology is typically associated with catheter-based treatments to tackle structural heart diseases.
• Nuclear cardiology– This area of cardiology uses noninvasive techniques to assess myocardial blood flow, checking the heart’s pumping performance while verifying the size and type of heart attack.

 

What Is the Cardiovascular System in Cardiology?

The standard function of the cardiovascular system is to process oxygen along with adequate nutrients in the blood, also termed coronary circulation. The system comprises coronary arteries and veins. 

 

A range of heart disorders comes under the Cardiovascular system, which is studied and treated under the domain of Cardiology. 

 

Here are some cardiovascular situations listed-

 

Angina Pectoris 

Angina Pectoris happens to a patient when there is a sudden reduction in the blood flow to the heart muscle. Blood circulates oxygen in the entire body. The heart muscle remains primarily healthy due to the smooth supply of oxygen in it. However, ischemia(an inadequate blood supply to an organ or part of the body, especially the heart muscles) happens if the heart muscle stops receiving the proper amount of oxygen. The chief reason behind reduced blood supply to the heart muscle is CAD(Coronary Artery Disease). 

 

Types of Angina-

• Stable Angina is one of the most common types, which occurs during an exertion action and goes away with proper rest/angina medication. It is detected by repetitive chest pains, lasting briefly (around 5 minutes).
• Unstable Angina is a sudden medical situation typically occurring when an individual rests. The condition lasts 20 minutes and does not go away with medicines or rest. A heart attack usually occurs if the blood flow does not stabilize and the heart muscle does not receive adequate oxygen. Well, it is severely fatal and requires urgent medication.
• Variant Angina– This is also called Prinzmetal Angina; it does not occur due to coronary artery but due to spasms in the heart’s arteries, temporarily reducing the blood flow. Suppose the patient suffers from excruciating chest pain. In that case, there is a high chance of Prinzemetal Angina when the body rests at night. With proper medication, it’s treatable.
• Refractory Angina is frequent episodes. This medical situation happens despite receiving treatments and taking drugs.

 

Atherosclerosis

This medical situation occurs when plaque(fat build-up, cholesterol, cellular wastes, calcium, and fibrin) develops in the blood vessels narrowing down the artery walls significantly. These are the chief causes of Atherosclerosis-

• • Diabetes– Increased blood sugar levels damage artery walls, consequently letting plaque build up.
  • Metabolic syndrome– When there is a high level of cholesterol and triglycerides in the blood, there is a high chance of Atherosclerosis.

• Consumption of tobacco

• Obesity

• Inflammation from arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease, lupus, and psoriasis.

 

Here are some common symptoms to look out for-

• Chest pains.
• Experiencing sudden numbness in the legs and arms.
• Difficulty in talking.
• Temporary loss of eyesight.
• Drooping of mouth muscle.
• Chance of developing high blood pressure.
• Kidney failure can also happen to the patient.

 

Did you know that Atherosclerosis is one of the crucial reasons for death in the U.S.?

 

Coronary Heart Disease 

The disease shows a significant narrowing down of the coronary arteries disrupting the smooth blood flow to the heart muscle. The most common reason for this medical condition is Atherosclerosis.

 

Here are the common symptoms to check –

• Chest pain
• Shortness of breath
• Heart attack
• Fatigue

 

The chief reasons behind Coronary Heart Disease are-

• A sedentary lifestyle.
• Diabetes.
• Consumption of tobacco and practicing smoking.
• High blood pressure level.

 

What are the challenges faced in Coronary Heart diseases-

• Consumption of tobacco.
• Gender.
• Age factor.
• High blood pressure.
• High cholesterol.
• Overweight/Obesity.
• Unhealthy/unplanned diet
• Stress.
• Sedentary lifestyle.
• Chronic kidney issues.

 

Restenosis

This medical situation occurs when the vascular tissue responds to the injury caused by Angioplasty. For In-Stent Restenosis this medical condition happens when vascular damage is caused due to stenting. 

 

However, the wound occurring due to stent insertion differs from the injury caused by Angioplasty. Balloon angioplasty and DES Placements are the secure methods to treat Restenosis. Here a stent(DES) is inserted, utilizing a medicated balloon to promote tissue growth. 

 

N.B.: Remember there is a broader section of the Cardiovascular problems, which consists of-

• Cardiac Arrest-A sudden loss of heart activity because of an irregular heart rhythm.
• Myocardium– A disorder in the heart’s muscle, including various cardiomyopathy.
• Pericardium– A medical condition occurring in the outer lining of the heart, which includes types of pericarditis
• Heart valve issues involve disorders in the aortic valve, the mitral valve, the pulmonary valve, and the tricuspid valve.
• Congenital heart defects are atrial septal defects ranging from ventricular septal defects.
• Vascular issues– This medical situation includes an aneurysm, deep vein thrombosis, varicose veins, vasculitis, and diseases of other blood vessels.

 

Devices Included in cardiology are-

• Different Types of balloon
• Pacemaker
• Stethoscope
• Defibrillators
• Artificial heart(this is typically utilized for studying purposes) 

 

Who are Cardoloigist?

Professionals who are actively involved in cardiology are called cardiologists. The experts strategies the sincere methods to treat cardiovascular issues, namely-

• Coronary artery bypass surgery, 
• Percutaneous coronary intervention, 
• Percutaneous transluminal Angioplasty and 
• Stenting.

 

These medical professionals also consider-

• Blood tests, 
• Cardiac stress tests, 
• Echocardiography (also termed electrocardiography or computed tomography) and 
• Magnetic resonance imaging techniques.

To treat the heart problem with their expertise.

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